Efficient and realistic 3-D boundary element simulations of underground construction using isogeometric analysis

The paper outlines some recent developments of the boundary element method (BEM) that makes it more user friendly and suitable for a realistic simulation in geomechanics, especially underground excavations tunnelling. innovations refer to introduction isogeometric concepts, elasto-plastic analysis ground support. concepts description excavation boundaries results less effort, since complex geometries can be modelled with few parameters degrees freedom. No mesh generation is necessary. Heterogeneous inelastic conditions are considered via general inclusions rock bolts linear inclusions. A comparison test examples other numerical methods analytical solutions confirms efficiency accuracy proposed implementation. practical example geometry presented.